History enthusiasts and lovers of unique places should not miss the opportunity to visit the Fuggerei in Augsburg, Germany. Considered the world’s oldest social housing complex, the Fuggerei boasts a rich history dating back to 1521, when the influential Fugger family founded it.
Today, the Fuggerei in Augsburg offers visitors a unique experience with its historic scenery while continuing to fulfill its social role in the German community by providing dignified and affordable housing to its residents.
In this article, we’ll explore the history, architecture, and curiosities of this remarkable site.
The Fuggerei in Augsburg: A Bit of History
The Fuggerei in Augsburg was established by Jakob Fugger, a wealthy and influential 17th-century man, also known as “Jakob the Rich.” Founded in 1521, the complex charges its residents a symbolic rent, which today stands at just 0.88 euros.
This amount, however, was simply converted into the euro; it has not changed since the Fuggerei’s foundation when it was originally charged in florins, the currency of that era.
But why is the rent so low? Because it was Jakob Fugger’s intention to dedicate part of his fortune to charity, following his Christian upbringing.
Jakob Fugger accumulated his wealth through the textile trade, silver mining, and banking activities, but he never forgot the poor. Deeply religious, he believed in social responsibility and created the Fuggerei as an act of charity to shelter impoverished Catholic citizens of Augsburg.
Moreover, Jakob ensured the sustainability of his vision by mandating that the complex should forever serve those in need. His wishes were honored, and today, the Fuggerei remains the oldest and most affordable residential complex in the world.
Architectural Development
Construction of the Fuggerei began in 1516 under the direction of architect Thomas Krebs, who designed and built most of the houses.
In total, the complex consists of 142 apartments, ranging from 45 to 65 square meters, with a simple layout: a kitchen, a living room, a main bedroom, and a small guest room.
Initially, the site had 52 houses, each divided into two apartments, but additional buildings were added over time. Ground-floor residents enjoy a garden, while those on the upper floors have access to an attic, providing a fair balance.
The complex’s church, dedicated to Saint Markus, was added in 1582 by architect Hans Holl. The village exudes a picturesque charm with its yellow houses, well-kept gardens, low hedges, simple asphalt streets, and religious images of Catholic saints strategically placed on the walls.
A Contract with Clear Rules
To live in the Fuggerei in Augsburg, applicants must meet specific criteria beyond being economically disadvantaged and debt-free. They must also be Catholic and commit to praying three times a day.
These rules remain unchanged to this day. The complex has its own church and a resident priest. However, whether residents adhere to the prayer rule is now a personal decision.
According to Alexander Fugger-Babenhausen, the 16th-generation representative of the Fugger family overseeing the complex, the Fuggerei’s goal is to “provide help for self-help,” enabling residents to regain stability and eventually move out, making room for others in need.
The waiting list for an apartment in the Fuggerei is long, reflecting the high demand for this unique community.
Financial Sustainability
The Fuggerei’s financial stability is ensured by a trust fund established by Jakob Fugger in 1520, with an initial deposit of 10,000 Rhenish florins.
Carefully managed over the centuries, the fund has grown through prudent investments, ensuring the complex’s self-sufficiency without needing additional external support. This financial independence allows the Fuggerei to maintain its mission of providing affordable housing.
What to See at the Fuggerei in Augsburg
A visit to the Fuggerei in Augsburg promises delightful surprises, especially for history enthusiasts. Here are the main attractions:
Historic Houses
Visitors can admire the historic houses with their characteristic Renaissance facades. The well-maintained homes, still occupied by residents, feature charming details such as religious images, manicured gardens, and inviting wooden benches that encourage quiet contemplation.
Fuggerei Museum
The Fuggerei Museum offers insights into the life and times of Jakob Fugger and the complex’s history through informative murals and artifacts.
The museum also features a model apartment that showcases the living conditions of residents from five centuries ago. Exhibits include:
- A living room that also served as a workshop, with period furniture reproductions;
- A family bedroom without heating;
- A traditional kitchen;
- Historical artifacts.
World War II Bunker
During World War II, the Fuggerei suffered severe damage in the bombings of February 25–26, 1944. Approximately 70% of the complex was destroyed, though the 200 residents at the time found safety in a subterranean bunker built in 1943.
Today, the former bunker serves as a museum documenting the wartime experiences with photos, texts, and a film detailing how the war impacted the area.
St. Markus Church
St. Markus Church is also open to visitors, allowing travelers to get a close look at its architecture and other details of the site.
When the complex was founded in 1521, residents did not have a place of worship and would attend a nearby church, St. Jakob. However, when that church became Protestant, the Catholic residents of the Fuggerei in Augsburg were left without a place to pray.
In response, the Catholic administrators of the complex answered the residents’ request and built St. Markus Church. The church is simple but well-maintained, with a capacity for 200 people, and is dedicated to Saint Mark (Markus), the Evangelist.
Unlike most Catholic churches, St. Markus has its entrance facing the street rather than eastward. The church was damaged in the 1944 bombing but was later restored, preserving its historical significance.
Fascinating Facts about the Fuggerei
The Fuggerei’s history is filled with interesting curiosities:
Mozart Family Connection
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s great-grandfather, Franz Mozart, lived in the Fuggerei for 12 years. A commemorative plaque marks the house where he resided, adding a musical touch to the complex’s historical narrative.
Curfew at 10 PM
The Fuggerei gates close at 10 PM sharp. Residents returning after curfew must pay a small fine of 0.50 to 1 euro, depending on the lateness of their arrival.
Life as It Was 500 Years Ago
Despite the passage of centuries, life in the Fuggerei remains remarkably faithful to its original principles. The rules established in 1521 are still in place:
- Applicants must be economically disadvantaged;
- They must have no debts;
- They must be Catholic;
- They are expected to pray three times a day.
Although no one monitors the prayers, the tradition endures out of respect for the community’s heritage and the opportunities it provides.
A Community for All Ages
The Fuggerei is home to both elderly residents and younger individuals, creating a diverse, supportive community. Neighbors know each other well and are quick to lend a helping hand when needed.
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